Skip to main content

Latest Analysis

Independent analysis, commentary and investigations on Africa, the Great Lakes Region and international accountability.

Reasons as why UN Combat Intervention Brigade must Decapitate M23 Rebel Group and it’s allies


Reasons as why UN Combat Intervention Brigade must Decapitate M23 Rebel Group and it's allies .

UN Drones shelling the enemy grounds
By Gasasira, Sweden
Umuvugizi news have leant that Rwandan intelligence services have been working behind M23 rebelgroup in different subversive activities of attacking member states of UN Intervention Combat Brigade.
Among Countries which are targeted by M23 are South Africa where of recently the notorious M23 rebel group with guidelines of Rwanda's notorious directorate of military intelligence and National Security Services petitioned to South Africa's parliament requesting them to broke the humanitarian assistance of sending S.A Forces as part of the UN intervention combat brigade in order to disarm and crash M23 rebel groups as the only way of saving thousands innocent Congolese who have been killed and displaced from their properties to different countries bordering DR Congo .
The same M23 rebel group under supervision of Rwanda's intelligence have been endorsing vague petitions with intentions of sabotaging President Jakaya Kikwete in order to meet resistance within hispolitical circles conducted to fail his courageous action of contributing Tanzanian forces as part of the UN Intervention Combat Brigade.
The notorious M23 together with President Kagame's ruthless intelligence services have been acting low and ill reaching an extent of mudslinging the UN Intervention Combat Brigade of being militarily weak and that it couldn't afford the terrain of DR Congo which is surrounded by hills while at the same time lauding it's selves and allies ofhaving excess capacity to defeat the UN Intervention Combat Brigade together with Monusco and the Congolese national Force FARDC .
UN Drones hunting enemies at a short lange

Ironically enough is to find out that negative propaganda issued by M23 with help of president Kagame's intelligence services in different forums like face book and other media outlet financed by Rwandan against the UN Intervention Combat Brigade ,is not only a shame but a crime committed by Rwanda given that a country like her shouldn't have been involved in malicious negative propaganda against a force which was established by UN Security Council, a Security council where Rwanda belongs as it's member state which is contraly to rules and regulation of UN Security Council because their member states are supposed to be non violent partisan with one common goal of fighting terrorist armed groups like M23 which has continued to murder innocent civilians , recruit children in it's forces and rape women, all these atrocities where committed by M23 Rebel group with help of President Kagame's forces during their struggle to capture Congolese territories rich on minerals as the only way to plunder DR Congo Mineral Resources .
It's unconvincing to read different reckless comments and article wrote by members of M23 together with others from Rwanda's intelligence services lauding them selves that they will mercilessly crash UN Intervention combat Brigade giving funny excuses that they don't master the Congolese terrain and so forth but what M23 and RDF officials involved in these motiveless combat activities doesn't know , is that according to our understanding we highly doubt where those goons from M23 and RDF get the moral authority that they are to defeat UN Intervention Combat Forces including forces from Africa likeTanzania, South Africa, Malawi and Mozambique who where trained on the same terrain and with quite reasonable experience even though do not laud their supremacy in Media as M23 and it's mentors .
Even though an officer from President Kagame's office recently made a remark of undermining the capacity of UN Drones insisting that drones won't ménage to perform effectively due to complicated terrain of DR Congo where those they will be embattling will be hiding on hilly side of DR Congo also surrounded by Volcanoes and forests but according to our investigations we found out that perhaps president Kagame's intelligence aide in charge of media propaganda could have not been informed or under informed with little notions on the performance of Drones or An unmannedaerial vehicle.
To those who have been circulating negative propaganda against UN Intervention Combat Brigade reaching an extent of intentionally ruling out the performance of UN Drones as the only weapon to demoralize Congolese innocent civilians who have been waiting for the arrival of UN Intervention Combat Brigade as their own rescue, should understand that Drones have been tasted in places which is much hilly compared to DR Congo and also situated in deserts unlike DR Congo. Former Director of US National Intelligence Dennis Blair recommended and lauded the performance of Drones which helped a lot in fighting of Islamic extremist in Afghanistan who where hiding in hilly sides of Desert. He also revealed the importance of drones in fighting the enemy and gave example of how drones where very useful to US Forces which based from the information providedby the predator "Drones" to kill Kurdish militants in both Iraq and Afghanistan.
According to French senior Military Commander Adm Edouard Guillaud who is among the commander of French forces in Mali ,fighting along side the Chadian forces and the Mali national forces in order to eliminate Islamic extremist who had captured and controlled oil rich places in Mali and also mentioned that it was due to the help of drones which feed them the activities of the enemy that they managed to successfully embattle Islamic extremist to an extent that even those innocent civilians who had been displaced due to the cross fire between two rival forces are now repatriating back to their homes.
Of recent they were tremendous operation of Coercion when M23 members almost totaling to 30 took a courageous stand and crossed from enemy troops and surrendered them selves with their guns and ammunition into UN Forces. This is a step taken a forward taken by some of M23 forces to desert their force which had helded themas hostages for quite long time exploiting their energy into subversive activities against their country in order satisfy president Kagame's greediness of using them as a bridge to plunder DR Congo mineral resources.
Security analyst in the great lakes region who we talked to us on this same matter ,he responded like any other human being could do by getting worried as where president Kagame is leading our nation . He also doubted the capacity of president and his M23 Forces to battle against UN Intervention Combat Brigade which also have forces within the region mastering the terrains and equipped with same combat military tactics against the enemy .
To any one's knowledge we understand the capacity of armored personnel carrier and other ammunition which Rwanda owns could be not exceeding the capacity like that of Tanzania, South Africa ,Malawi and Mozambique and perhaps of being under the command of United Nations with the mandate of Combating the enemy and who ever could be reinforcing him ,there is no doubt that the intervention Combat Brigade could be far well equipped and with sophiscated gunships like AC- 130 gunship and other equipment which detects the enemy before arriving in areas where they are deployed called "Long Range Surveillance" which can help to ambush the enemy at a far distance.
He also wondered as why president Kagame doesn't learn from his past mistakes and requested us to ask Gen Kabarebe James to give us testimony of what it meant to undermine state integrity and security, given that he was once ambushed in areas of Kitona in DR Congo and if it wasn't the rescue of rebel leader late Jonas Savimbi who gave them an exit point but on conditions that they had to help him concurring reasonable part of Angola not until they happened to get an air base which could be used by those who had arrived to evacuate them.
Another security analyst we also talked to on conditions of anonymity when we asked him as what's going to be the final destiny of M23 and it's mentor Paul Kagame who are threatening to battle UN intervention Combat Brigade,he instead laughed to us and asked himself as why President Kagame at list doesn't learn lessons from what happened to him in past when he was still working for state Research which was notorious and murderous intelligence machinery of president Idis Amin Dada who felt much powerful than his Tanzanian neighbor and took a funny decision of attacking Tanzania which in return retaliated mercilessly and bombed him to Kampala which marked the down fall of his regime. Like his former boss ,President Kagameis likely to have a same fate if he doesn't revise his autocracy .
Posted by editor on May 9 2013. Filed under Breaking NewsPoliticsTop Stories. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0. You can leave a response or trackback to this entry

Comments

Support Our Work Now !

Africa Realities Media is independent. Your support helps us expose injustice, challenge silence and produce evidence-based analysis on Africa and the Great Lakes Region.

Recent Posts

Show more
Africa Realities Media offre un espace aux Ă©crivains, chercheurs, experts, activistes, voix communautaires, militants, analystes et personnes ayant une expĂ©rience vĂ©cue qui souhaitent contribuer Ă  des contenus rĂ©flĂ©chis, responsables et courageux sur les changements nĂ©cessaires dans la rĂ©gion des Grands Lacs, ainsi que sur les rĂ©alitĂ©s politiques, Ă©conomiques, culturelles et sociales africaines souvent ignorĂ©es, minimisĂ©es ou mal reprĂ©sentĂ©es. Nos articles et vidĂ©os visent Ă  ouvrir le dĂ©bat, renforcer la sensibilisation, encourager la pensĂ©e critique et favoriser une rĂ©flexion plus profonde sur les rĂ©alitĂ©s vĂ©cues par les populations africaines. Nous voulons aider les peuples de la rĂ©gion des Grands Lacs Ă  mieux comprendre leurs droits, notamment leurs droits humains, leur droit au dĂ©veloppement, leur droit Ă  la dignitĂ©, Ă  la sĂ©curitĂ©, au bien-Ăªtre et Ă  une vie meilleure. Ă€ travers nos contenus, nous cherchons Ă©galement Ă  rappeler aux dĂ©cideurs, aux institutions publiques, aux acteurs rĂ©gionaux et internationaux, ainsi qu’aux responsables politiques, leur devoir de transparence, de responsabilitĂ© et de redevabilitĂ© envers les populations qu’ils prĂ©tendent servir. Notre objectif est de contribuer Ă  une culture de vĂ©ritĂ©, de justice, de participation citoyenne et de protection Ă©gale pour tous les peuples africains.

Why We Exist

Many abuses facing African people are committed by African states, ruling elites, armed groups, military forces and security services. But these abuses are often sustained by international silence, Western lobbying, trade interests, migration deals, mineral access, diplomatic partnerships and unequal global accountability. Africa Realities Media exposes that system.

Lived Experience Matters

Survivors, displaced communities, refugees, families affected by repression, journalists, activists, women, young people and diaspora voices are not passive subjects. They are knowledge holders. Their experiences must shape policy, advocacy, journalism and public debate. The people closest to injustice are often closest to the solutions.

Our Principle

Africa Realities Media is rooted in one principle: African lives deserve equal truth, equal justice and equal protection.

Popular Posts

THE BATTLE OF RUBAYA: Rwanda's War for Minerals Exposed

T he FDLR Pretext Collapses Under the Weight of Documented Plunder   Introduction: A Battle That Tells the Truth When Rwandan-backed RDF/M23 forces fought with extraordinary ferocity to seize and hold Rubaya — a remote mining town in North Kivu, eastern Democratic Republic of Congo — the stated justification was security. Kigali's consistent public line has been that its military presence in the DRC is a response to the threat posed by the Forces Democratiques de Liberation du Rwanda (FDLR), an armed group whose leaders include individuals linked to the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi. This narrative has been accepted, qualified, or left insufficiently challenged by Western governments and multilateral institutions for over a decade. The Battle of Rubaya strips that narrative bare. What unfolded in Rubaya was not a counter-insurgency operation against genocidal remnants. It was a sustained military campaign — reinforced by the Rwanda Defence Forces (RDF), prosecuted at sign...

LA BATAILLE DE RUBAYA : La guerre du Rwanda pour les minerais exposée

Le prĂ©texte des FDLR s’effondre sous le poids du pillage documentĂ© Introduction : une bataille qui dit la vĂ©ritĂ© Lorsque les forces RDF/M23 soutenues par le Rwanda ont combattu avec une fĂ©rocitĂ© extraordinaire pour s’emparer de Rubaya et la conserver — une ville minière reculĂ©e du Nord-Kivu, dans l’est de la RĂ©publique dĂ©mocratique du Congo — la justification officielle Ă©tait la sĂ©curitĂ©. La ligne publique constante de Kigali a Ă©tĂ© que sa prĂ©sence militaire en RDC rĂ©pond Ă  la menace posĂ©e par les Forces dĂ©mocratiques de libĂ©ration du Rwanda (FDLR), un groupe armĂ© dont les dirigeants comprennent des individus liĂ©s au gĂ©nocide de 1994 contre les Tutsi. Ce rĂ©cit a Ă©tĂ© acceptĂ©, nuancĂ©, ou laissĂ© insuffisamment contestĂ© par les gouvernements occidentaux et les institutions multilatĂ©rales pendant plus d’une dĂ©cennie. La bataille de Rubaya met ce rĂ©cit Ă  nu. Ce qui s’est dĂ©roulĂ© Ă  Rubaya n’Ă©tait pas une opĂ©ration de contre-insurrection contre des restes gĂ©nocidaires. C’Ă©tait une campagne mili...

Les remèdes cosmĂ©tiques de la France face Ă  la guerre dans l’est de la RDC

RĂ©solution 2773, ConfĂ©rence de Paris, doctrine macronienne du dialogue et pari de la Francophonie La politique de la France Ă  l’Ă©gard de l’est de la RDC a produit un schĂ©ma constant : un langage public fort, une faible application des dĂ©cisions, aucune pression visible fondĂ©e sur les sanctions, et des appels rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©s au dialogue qui laissent largement intact le levier militaire et politique du Rwanda. La France ne peut pas rĂ©diger des rĂ©solutions, organiser des confĂ©rences, rejeter les sanctions, appeler au dialogue, puis revendiquer la neutralitĂ© pendant que les civils restent sous occupation, dĂ©placement et violence. Dans une guerre de cette ampleur, le silence et l’inaction ne sont pas neutres. Ce sont des actes politiques. Introduction La France se prĂ©sente comme l’une des puissances occidentales les plus engagĂ©es dans la recherche de la paix dans l’est de la RĂ©publique dĂ©mocratique du Congo. Elle a parrainĂ© la RĂ©solution 2773 du Conseil de sĂ©curitĂ© des Nations unies. Elle a organ...

President Macron Against US Sanctions on Rwanda

How France's Interests in Mozambique Obstruct Peace in the DRC A Critical Analysis of Emmanuel Macron's Interview with TV5 Monde, Africa Forward Summit, Nairobi, 12 May 2026 Published by The African Rights Campaign (ARC)   |   London, May 2026   1. Introduction This analysis is based on French President Emmanuel Macron's interview with TV5 Monde, conducted on 12 May 2026 during the Africa Forward Summit in Nairobi, Kenya. In that interview, Macron was asked a direct question: given that Rwanda's support for the M23 armed group has been documented by United Nations experts, and given that the United States has imposed sanctions on the Rwanda Defence Force and several of its senior officers, why have France and the European Union declined to do the same? Macron's response was unconvincing, dishonest and analytically incoherent. It revealed not a carefully calibrated position of principled neutrality, but the operational logic of a government that has c...

[AFRICAFORUM] Tr : [hinterland1] Tr : L'OCCUPATION RWANDAISE EN MARCHE

  ----- Mail transfĂ©rĂ© ----- De : Mpania Jean <drjeanmpania@yahoo.fr> Ă€ : Hinterland <hinterland1@yahoogroupes.fr> EnvoyĂ© le : Mercredi 26 fĂ©vrier 2014 17h13 Objet : [hinterland1] Tr : L'OCCUPATION RWANDAISE EN MARCHE   Le Mercredi 26 fĂ©vrier 2014 9h56, congokdp <congokdp@gmail.com> a Ă©crit : L'OCCUPATION RWANDAISE EN MARCHE :   Voici comment les institutions et tout le système de sĂ©curitĂ© de la RDC sont sous contrĂ´le du Rwanda et les officiels congolais infiltrĂ©s par des «hirondelles» rwandaises! L'OCCUPATION RWANDAISE EN MARCHE :  Voici comment les institutions et tout le système de sĂ©curitĂ© de la RDC sont sous contrĂ´le du Rwanda et les officiels congolais infiltrĂ©s par des «hirondelles» rwandaises! Le processus d'occupation de la RDC par le lobby tutsi rwandais passe par le...

The Kagame Myth: Western Power, Private Jets and Rwanda’s Controlled Reality

  ANALYSIS AND INVESTIGATION Introduction: The Myth and the Man Behind the Myth There is a version of Paul Kagame that exists in the conference halls of Davos, in the pages of Western magazines, in private hotel meetings in London, Paris and Washington, and on the sleeves of European football shirts. In this version, Kagame is a visionary. A builder. A disciplined African moderniser. A leader who pulled a broken country from the ashes of genocide and turned it into what admirers often call the “Singapore of Africa”. In this version, Rwanda is clean, efficient, safe, investment-friendly and orderly. Kagame is presented as the African leader the West wants to believe in: controlled, polished, pro-market, security-focused and comfortable in elite Western spaces. Then there is the Rwanda that many Rwandans, exiles, journalists, opposition figures and human rights organisations describe. In this Rwanda, YouTubers and online commentators are jailed for what they say. Critics die in custo...

Dr Phil Clark ( SOAS University of London): A biased lecturer and researcher about African issues.

Dr Phil Clark   was born in Sudan and   is currently   working at SOAS University of London. He is known to be   biased lecturer and researcher about African issues, particularly the Rwandan genocide.     With his poor judgement and analytical thinking, this man only talk about   the results   of events and forget the     root causes. He is a staunch supporter of the criminal, dictator and killer Paul Kagame , the President of   Rwanda. He is singing the song of the winner of the Rwandan  war. He is in the same boat with Linda Melvern, a biased British   freelancer who received a medal from the dictator Paul     Kagame. "> "> Dr.Phil Clark "> Linda Melvern I am asking Dr Phil Clark   one question:   Dear   Dr Phil Clark, What     was the   role of   Paul Kagame and RPF in the Rwandan  massacres and genocide in and outside Rwanda?   Based...

Le Président Macron contre les sanctions américaines imposées au Rwanda

Comment les intĂ©rĂªts français au Mozambique font obstacle Ă  la paix en RDC Analyse critique de l'entretien d'Emmanuel Macron avec TV5 Monde, Africa Forward Summit, Nairobi, 12 mai 2026 PubliĂ© par The African Rights Campaign (ARC)   |   Londres, mai 2026     1. Introduction La prĂ©sente analyse est fondĂ©e sur l'entretien accordĂ© par le prĂ©sident français Emmanuel Macron Ă  TV5 Monde, le 12 mai 2026, lors de l'Africa Forward Summit Ă  Nairobi, au Kenya. Au cours de cet entretien, Macron s'est vu poser une question directe : Ă©tant donnĂ© que le soutien du Rwanda au groupe armĂ© M23 est aujourd'hui documentĂ© par les experts des Nations Unies, et Ă©tant donnĂ© que les États-Unis ont imposĂ© des sanctions aux Forces de dĂ©fense du Rwanda (FDR) ainsi qu'Ă  plusieurs de leurs hauts responsables, pourquoi la France et l'Union europĂ©enne n'ont-elles pas fait de mĂªme ? La rĂ©ponse de Macron s'est rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e peu convaincante, malhonnĂªte et analytique...

Kagame’s Image Machine: Who Profits While Rwanda Stays Poor

I nvestigation:  Paying to Stay Poor: How Western PR Firms, Lobbyists, Sports Clubs and Media Outlets Profit from Rwanda’s Image Economy Introduction: An Ecosystem of Paid Influence Rwanda is often presented internationally as a model of discipline, security, investment promotion and post-genocide recovery. That image has been carefully built, repeatedly amplified and professionally protected. Behind it sits a costly international network of sports sponsorships, lobbying contracts, public relations firms, legal consultancy, political access, favourable media relationships and diplomatic narrative management. The moral problem is clear. Rwanda remains heavily dependent on foreign aid and external financing. According to World Bank-linked data, foreign aid received by Rwanda reached approximately 1.39 billion US dollars in 2023. UNDP’s 2025 Human Development Report gives Rwanda a Human Development Index value of 0.578 for 2023, placing it 159th out of 193 countries and territories. U...

Justice ou thĂ©Ă¢tre politique ? Les procès français du gĂ©nocide rwandais et le travail inachevĂ© de la rĂ©conciliation entre Rwandais

Introduction Depuis 2014, les tribunaux français ont poursuivi une sĂ©rie de ressortissants rwandais hutu pour leur rĂ´le prĂ©sumĂ© dans le gĂ©nocide de 1994 contre les Tutsi. Le premier procès, celui de l’ancien chef du renseignement Pascal Simbikangwa, a Ă©tĂ© suivi par les condamnations des anciens bourgmestres Octavien Ngenzi et Tito Barahira en 2016, puis par la condamnation, en 2023, de l’ancien officier de gendarmerie Philippe Hategekimana. Aucun accusĂ© jugĂ© en France, au titre de la compĂ©tence universelle, pour le gĂ©nocide rwandais n’a Ă©tĂ© acquittĂ©. D’autres poursuites devraient suivre. Ces procĂ©dures ont Ă©tĂ© largement saluĂ©es comme la preuve que la France affronte enfin son passĂ© d’État ayant protĂ©gĂ© des auteurs prĂ©sumĂ©s du gĂ©nocide sur son territoire. Des organisations internationales de dĂ©fense des droits humains, des spĂ©cialistes du gĂ©nocide et une partie de la sociĂ©tĂ© civile française les ont prĂ©sentĂ©es comme une contribution tardive, mais bienvenue, Ă  la lutte mondiale contre l’...

Why Africa Realities Media Is Different

Africa Realities Media speaks to Africa and to the developed world. Many abuses facing African people are committed by African states and ruling elites, but they are often protected by international silence, lobbying, public relations, trade interests, migration deals and unequal global accountability. While governments pay lobbyists to present a good image abroad, ordinary African people continue to face violence, hunger, disease, poverty, repression and exclusion. We challenge the normalisation of African suffering and demand equal truth, equal justice and equal protection.

Pourquoi Africa Realities Media est différent?

Africa Realities Media s’adresse Ă  l’Afrique et au monde dĂ©veloppĂ©. De nombreux abus subis par les peuples africains sont commis par des États africains et des Ă©lites dirigeantes, mais ils sont souvent protĂ©gĂ©s par le silence international, le lobbying, les relations publiques, les intĂ©rĂªts commerciaux, les accords migratoires et une responsabilitĂ© mondiale inĂ©gale. Tandis que des gouvernements paient des lobbyistes pour prĂ©senter une bonne image Ă  l’Ă©tranger, des Africains ordinaires continuent de faire face Ă  la violence, Ă  la faim, aux maladies, Ă  la pauvretĂ©, Ă  la rĂ©pression et Ă  l’exclusion. Nous contestons la normalisation de la souffrance africaine et exigeons une vĂ©ritĂ© Ă©gale, une justice Ă©gale et une protection Ă©gale.

BBC News

Policy and Systems Change

Our work is designed to trigger debate, discomfort and action. We do not only expose injustice; we work for policy and systems change. We want governments and institutions to address the root causes of inequality, disadvantage, discrimination, exclusion and barriers affecting African people. We believe lasting change must be shaped by people with lived experience.

Exposing Injustice in Africa

Africa Realities Media is an independent African accountability platform based in London. We report, analyse and challenge the systems that shape African suffering, silence African victims and protect abusive power. We are not here to repeat diplomatic language. We are here to ask the questions that are often avoided: why are African deaths treated as normal? Why are African victims given less urgency? Why are governments that imprison, exclude, displace or kill their own people protected when they serve powerful international interests?

Africanews

Africa Realities Media gives space to writers, researchers, experts, activists, community voices, campaigners, analysts and people with lived experience who want to contribute thoughtful, responsible and courageous content about the changes needed in the region, as well as the political, economic, cultural and social African realities that are often ignored, minimised or misrepresented. Our articles and videos aim to encourage debate, raise awareness, stimulate critical thinking and support reflection. We seek to help people in the Great Lakes Region understand their rights to human rights, development and wellbeing, while also encouraging decision-makers to be more transparent, responsive and accountable.

Appel Ă  contributions

Sensibilisez le public aux causes qui vous tiennent Ă  cÅ“ur. Prenez part au changement que vous souhaitez voir Ă©merger. Aidez Ă  combattre l’injustice partout oĂ¹ elle se manifeste.

Africa Realities Media accueille des articles originaux, analyses, tribunes, réflexions communautaires et commentaires fondés sur des faits concernant la région des Grands Lacs africains, ainsi que les questions liées à la justice, aux droits humains, à la gouvernance, aux conflits, à la paix, aux réfugiés, aux ressources naturelles et à la responsabilité publique en Afrique.

Nous accueillons Ă©galement les annonces concernant de nouvelles ou d’anciennes publications liĂ©es Ă  nos domaines d’intĂ©rĂªt. Vous pouvez annoncer gratuitement votre publication, notamment un livre, un rapport, une Ă©tude, un article acadĂ©mique ou tout autre travail pertinent.

Les articles doivent Ăªtre rĂ©digĂ©s en anglais ou en français et ne doivent pas dĂ©passer 1 500 mots.

Veuillez inclure le nom complet de l’auteur, qui sera publiĂ© avec l’article s’il est acceptĂ©.

Avant de soumettre votre article, veuillez d’abord lire nos pages du site web afin de vĂ©rifier si votre article correspond Ă  nos prioritĂ©s Ă©ditoriales, Ă  nos thèmes et Ă  nos domaines d’intĂ©rĂªt.

Si vous avez un article, un commentaire ou une annonce de publication Ă  partager avec un public plus large, veuillez l’envoyer par email Ă  :

africarealitiesmedia@gmail.com

Nous Ă©tudierons la possibilitĂ© de publier gratuitement les articles et annonces de publications appropriĂ©s s’ils rĂ©pondent Ă  nos critères Ă©ditoriaux, notamment la pertinence, la clartĂ©, l’originalitĂ©, l’intĂ©rĂªt public, le respect des communautĂ©s concernĂ©es et l’utilisation responsable des informations et des preuves.

Les articles sont publiĂ©s tels qu’ils sont soumis s’ils rĂ©pondent Ă  nos critères et Ă  notre politique Ă©ditoriale. Nous ne procĂ©dons pas Ă  une modification supplĂ©mentaire de votre article avant sa publication.